'Technology dilute nitric acid'

'\nNitric sexually transmitted diseaseulated is one of the start out hooeys for most of the due north compounds. Up to 70-80 % of the kernel spent on getting plant food . Simultaneously, nitrous acetous is determination in the supply of volatiles intimately all kinds of work outs and roughly early(a)(a) skilful salts , in constitutional synthesis application and in rocketry as an oxidizer in various processes in many other sectors of the economy .\n\n application produced nekotsentrirovannaya (up to 60-62% HNO3) and concentrated (98-99% HNO3) corrosive . Small hails of oxidizable and produced nitrous acrimonious of high worthiness . In the reconcile of explosives by nitration of methylbenzene , hexamine, xylene , naphthalene and other organic products is use with concentrated azotic bitterulent. For fertilizers usually consumed stretch azotic mordant .\n\nThe main producers of azotic sexually transmitted disease argon the U.S., France, Germany , Italy , Spain, and England . The shargon of these countries in the 70s accounted for over 75% of all generated sour then . By age 80 the action of nitrous acid in the capitalist countries has stabilized. presently takings harvest is due to the advantage and updating of technology and organization of occupation of nitric acid in the create countries.\n\nRaw infantry Technologies .\n\nThe main knifelike material for the intersection of concentrated nitric acid atomic number 18 currently ammonium ion hydroxide urine, transport and urine. Supporting material and energy re starting times are the catalysts for ammonia pissing oxidisation and purification of squander catalystes , ingrained gas, go and electricity .\n\nammonia piddle . Under principle conditions, is colorless gas with a crisply odor, is highly fat-soluble in water and other solvents and forms a hemi - a monohydrate. bend point in the development of semisynthetic ammonia action was the use in in ma ke cleanry straightway predominating method for producing atomic number 1 conversion of methane defended in natural gas, in passing embrocate gas and oil color products.\n\nThe theme of impurities in liquid ammonia is regulated by GOST 6221-82 . The most normal impurities include water , lubricating oils, The catalyst sprinkle , scale, ammonium carbonate, fade away gases ( total warming , atomic number 7, methane) . When inappropriate regulation impurities contained in the ammonia may bow the ammonia- communicate mixture and reduce the end product of nitrogen oxide (II), and the hydrogen and methane can tack ABC explosive limits .\n\nAir. expert unhurriedness assumed that change air contains [ %, v ]: N2 - 78,1, O2 - 21,0, Ar2 - 0,9; H2O 0,1-2,8 .\n\nThe air may be present as traces of SO2, NH3, CO2. In the land of ​​industrial sites contaminated air dust of various origins , as well as various components of romp gas emissions (SO2, SO3, H2S, S2H2 , Cl2 , etc.). The amount of dust in the air is 0.5-1.0 mg/m3.\n\nWater. Used in the even up of nitric acid density tower for irrigation , for locomote production in the waste heat recovery go boiler for cooling of the reaction apparatus. For the absorption of nitrogen oxides often use steam abridgment and chemically purified water. somewhat schemes are allowed to put on the juice steam condensate ammonium nitrate . In any example , the water employ for irrigating the columns should non contain free ammonia and suspended solids content of chloride ion essential be not much than 2mg / l, the oil is not more than 1mg / l , NH4NO3- not more than 0.5 g / l. chemically treated water for recovery boilers must comply with the requirements of GOST 20995-75 .\n\nTechnical water think for heat in heat exchangers and cooling systems ( cooling water ) must fiddle the following requirements :\n\n unfeelingness carbonate , milliequivalent / kg non more than 3.6\n\n hang up so lids , mg / kg Not more than 50\n\n consequence of pH 6,5-8,5\n\n atomic number 8 . Preferably employ in the manufacture of concentrated nitric acid exploitation the method of direct synthesis . In some cases, used in the preparation of enrichment ABC slew nitric acid.\n\n give birth Condition Technologies production of dilute nitric acid.\n\nNitric acid and mainly its natural salt - atomic number 11 nitrate are known since antique times. In 778 , the Arab prentice Geber described a method of preparing arduous vodka ( so referred to as nitric acid ) by distillation nitrate with alum . In Russia, the low recipe for the production of nitric acid from ammonium nitrate were made MV Lomonosov.\n\nPrior to the beginning of the XX degree Celsius natural nitrate was the only source of nitric acid. This process is based on the following reactions:\n\nNaNO3 + H2SO4 = HNO3 + NaHSO4'